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BACKGROUND:The selection of immunosuppressants and anti-hepatitis C virus drug is currently the focus for the hepatitis C virus-positive patients after receiving renal transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anti-virus replication effect of cyclosporine in hepatitis C virus-RNA positive renal transplant recipients in addition to its anti-rejection effect. METHODS:Eleven hepatitis C virus-RNA positive renal transplant recipients were enrol ed and treated with cyclosporine, prednisone and mizoribine. Hepatitis C virus-RNA level, hemoglobin, liver functions and renal functions were evaluated before treatment and at 6 and 12 months after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The median of hepatitis C virus-RNA in 11 patients before treatment, and at 6 and 12 months after treatment were 1.22×107 copies/mL,1.11×104 copies/mL and 4.19×106 copies/mL respectively. At 6 months after treatment,8 cases of hepatitis C virus-RNA were negative (hepatitis C virus-RNA0.05), and the hemoglobin level was increased after treatment. During the fol ow-up, acute rejection only occurred in one patient and was control ed within 3 days after methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Cyclosporine-based treatment would be a better choice for renal transplant recipients combined with hepatitis C virus infection for both the anti-virus replication and anti-rejection effect.