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目的探讨聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术与真菌性角膜炎快速诊断的可行性和优越性及其在临床应用中的价值。方法以一段真菌特异性通用引物并配合热启动聚合酶链反应技术来检测临床上常见的病原性真菌。结果８种真菌均扩增出了一条 ３１０ ｂｐ的阳性条带，而其它细菌、病毒和人体角膜组织均为阴性。在动物造型中，ＰＣＲ技术的敏感性为８６．７％，特异性为１００％；真菌培养的敏感性为５６．７％，特异性为７２．７％。在对临床标本的研究中，ＰＣＲ技术的敏感性为６６．６％，真菌培养的敏感性为３３．３％，角膜刮片的敏感性为４０％。结论采用通用性特异引物并配合热启动ＰＣＲ技术来检测实验室和临床标本中是否有真菌存在有重要的应用价值。
Objective To investigate the feasibility and superiority of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fungal keratitis for rapid diagnosis and their clinical value. Methods A fungal-specific universal primer was used in combination with hot-start PCR to detect pathogenic fungi that were clinically common. Results All of the eight fungi amplified a 310 bp positive band, while the other bacteria, viruses and human corneal tissue were negative. In animal modeling, the sensitivity of PCR was 86.7% and the specificity was 100%. The fungal culture had a sensitivity of 56.7% and a specificity of 72.7%. In the study of clinical specimens, the sensitivity of the PCR technique was 66.6%, the fungal culture sensitivity was 33.3%, and the sensitivity of the corneal scraping blade was 40%. Conclusion It is of great value to detect the presence of fungi in laboratory and clinical samples by using universal specific primers in combination with hot-start PCR.