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艾滋病病毒(HIV)可通过性接触、静脉注射、母婴传播三种途径传播。母婴传播是我国家庭内传播的主要方式。HIV的母婴传播可通过三种途径发生:胎儿经胎盘宫内感染,分娩时经产道感染,产后经哺乳感染。母亲的疾病状态、免疫状态及病毒载量等因素与母婴传播有重要的关系。近年在预防HIV母婴传播方面所取得的成就超过了HIV研究的任一方面,现对预防HIV母婴传播的几项措施作一综述。
HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, intravenous injection and mother-to-child transmission. Mother-to-child transmission is the main form of transmission within our families. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV can occur through three routes: intrauterine infection of the fetus through the placenta, infection through the birth canal during childbirth, and lactation after childbirth. Mother’s disease status, immune status and viral load and other factors have an important relationship with mother-to-child transmission. In recent years, achievements made in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV outnumber any aspect of HIV research. Several measures to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV are now reviewed.