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目的了解澜沧县疟疾流行现状及其控制能力。方法采用回顾性调查方法,统计2000~2002年疟疾发病情况,分层随机抽样调查乡、村级卫生机构的疟疾疫情报告、血检能力和疟防资源分布,问卷调查人群疟疾常识知晓、村民疟史及蚊帐使用情况。结果2000~2002年,澜沧县的疟疾发病率为0.253‰,22个乡均有病例分布,发病率为0.06‰~0.8‰;2002年接受入户调查的21个自然村共有11例疟疾疫情报告病例,据此估算全县血检、处方和走访漏报率分别为35.30%、0和96.79%。卫生部门占有较多的卫生资源,承担50%以上的发热病人血检任务和疟疾病人治疗。当地居民的疟疾常识知晓程度不高,村民的经验积累型疟防知识水平与中小学生接近,间接传授型疟防知识水平低于中小学生,村民蚊帐拥有和使用率各为26.2%和30.7%。结论澜沧县的疟疾控制对策应体现多样性,应加强乡村一级疟防资源的投入及不同人群疟防知识的宣教,3种估算疟疾漏报率对该县疟疾控制的导向作用和参考价值有待进一步确定。
Objective To understand the malaria epidemic status and control ability in Lancang County. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to analyze the incidence of malaria from 2000 to 2002 and stratified random sampling to survey the malaria epidemic reports, blood tests and malaria resources distribution of township and village health institutions. The knowledge of malaria knowledge of the surveyed population, History and use of mosquito nets. Results The incidence of malaria in Lancang County was 0.253 ‰ between 2000 and 2002. The distribution of cases in 22 townships was between 0.6 ‰ and 0.8 ‰. In 21 natural villages surveyed in 2002, 11 malaria cases were reported According to the above statistics, the omission rates of blood tests, prescriptions and visits in the whole county were 35.30%, 0% and 96.79% respectively. The health sector occupies more health resources, undertake more than 50% of fever patients blood tests and treatment of malaria patients. Malaria awareness of local residents is not high enough, and villagers’ level of accumulated knowledge of malaria prevention is close to that of primary and secondary school students. The knowledge level of indirectly taught malaria prevention is lower than that of primary and secondary school students. The ownership and utilization rates of mosquito nets are 26.2% and 30.7% respectively. Conclusion The malaria control strategies in Lancang County should be diversified. It is necessary to strengthen the input of malaria prevention resources at the village level and to educate malaria prevention knowledge among different groups of people. Three kinds of guidance and reference values for malaria control of malaria in this county are estimated To be further confirmed.