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目的探讨哮喘患者对疾病风险的认知及其影响因素分析,为提高患者自护能力提供相关依据。方法选取2014年3—10月在本院住院治疗的哮喘患者80例作为研究对象,通过问卷调查分析患者的一般情况及对疾病风险的认知情况。多个均数比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采取SNK-q检验;多元分析采用多元线性回归,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果患者对疾病风险认知总分为(36.33±11.21)分,得分率为57.77%,三个维度得分分别为:(14.11±1.09)、(10.02±2.00)、(12.20±3.45)分,比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.995,P<0.05),两两比较发现,基础知识得分高于一般自护知识和急救知识得分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。基础知识、一般自护知识、急救措施得分率分别为:67.19%、47.67%、58.69%。民族、病程、学历及合并其他慢性病是患者风险认知的影响因素。结论哮喘患者风险认知水平总体较低,应当加强哮喘相关知识的普及,提高患者对规律用药及病情监测的认识,使患者做到自防自知。
Objective To investigate the cognition of asthma patients on disease risk and its influencing factors, so as to provide relevant evidences for improving self-care ability of patients. Methods Totally 80 asthmatic patients hospitalized in our hospital from March to October of 2014 were selected as the research object. The general situation of the patients and the cognition of the disease risk were analyzed by questionnaire. Multiple mean comparison using analysis of variance, further comparison to take SNK-q test; multivariate analysis using multiple linear regression, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The total score of cognitive risk was 36.33 ± 11.21, with a score of 57.77%. The scores of three dimensions were (14.11 ± 1.09), (10.02 ± 2.00) and (12.20 ± 3.45) respectively The difference was statistically significant (F = 4.995, P <0.05). Comparing each other found that the score of basal knowledge was higher than that of general self-care knowledge and first aid knowledge, the differences were statistically significant (both P <0.05). Basic knowledge, general self-care knowledge, first aid measures were 67.19%, 47.67%, 58.69%. Ethnicity, course of disease, education and other chronic diseases are the influencing factors of patients’ cognition of risk. Conclusion The risk cognition level of asthma patients is generally low, and the popularization of asthma related knowledge should be strengthened, so as to raise awareness of regular medication and disease monitoring so that patients can be self-aware.