“零和游戏”的原理可以用一个简单的游戏规则来解释。设定两人对弈一局,在多数情况下,总会有一个会赢,而另一个会输。假设我们给获胜的一方计分为1分,给输掉的一方计分为-1分,那么两个人的得分就是:1+(-1)=0分。由此,此次对弈的结果为零,也就是和是零的游戏。“零和游戏”出自于博弈论。游戏者有输有赢,一方所赢正是另一方所输,游戏的总成绩永远是零。赢家的获得是建立在输家的损失痛苦之上的。但20世纪以来,“零和游戏”所引申的“非零和游戏”理论逐渐被人们所认识,即“负和游戏”和“正和游戏”。“负和游戏”指,一方虽赢但付出了惨重的代价,得不偿失,可谓没有赢家。“正和游戏”指,赢家所得比输家所失多,或者没有输家,结果为“双赢”或“多赢”。 “Zero sum game ” principle can be explained by a simple game rules. Set the two to play a game, in most cases, there will always be one will win, and the other will lose. Suppose we score one point for the winning party and one point for the losing party, then the two score is: 1 + (-1) = 0. Thus, the result of the game is zero, that is, the game is zero. “Zero sum game ” comes from the game theory. The player has a win or lose, one won is the other party is lost, the game’s total score is always zero. Winners are built on losers’ pain and suffering. However, since the 20th century, the theory of “non-zero sum game” extended by “zero sum game” has been gradually recognized as “negative sum game” and “positive sum game”. “Negative and game ” means that although one party wins but has paid a heavy price, outweighs the loss, it can be described as no winner. “And the game ” means that the winner’s loss than the loser lost, or no loser, the result is “win ” or “win ”.