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20世纪以来非理性思潮渗透进美国文化、文学中,取代理性对西方文化、文明发展的引导功能。尤其在20世纪中期,两种思潮激烈交锋,美国文学中出现大量的非理性文学形象。本文通过对疯癫形象的解读,发现现代疯癫是对古典时代疯癫的嬗变以及颠覆,并呈现出其鲜明特征。在其背后折射出创作者对美国社会问题、资本主义启蒙现代性问题的反思和批判。对美国社会的批评一方面凸显出知识分子的社会价值,一方面也反映出他们对社会一定程度上的误读。
Since the 20th century, irrational thoughts permeated into American culture and literature and replaced the guiding function of rationality to the development of western culture and civilization. Especially in the middle of the 20th century, two kinds of ideological trends were fiercely confronted with a large number of irrational literary images appearing in American literature. This article through the interpretation of the madness image, found that modern madness is the evolution and subversion of the classic era of madness, and showing its distinctive features. Behind it reflects the creators’ reflection and criticism on the social problems of the United States and the modernity of capitalism’s enlightenment. On the one hand, criticism of American society highlights the social value of intellectuals, on the one hand, they also reflect some degree of misunderstanding in society.