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确定客观实在的研究对象,是一门科学得以建立的一个基本前提。在科学史学科的形成、发展过程中,由于研究视角的变换,研究者们不断探讨着科学史研究当中具体对象的界定。20世纪科学史研究视角完成了由编年记述向实证主义转移,并由内史研究逐渐转向对科学活动外部整体情境的构建。当代以史蒂芬.夏平为代表的科学知识社会学学派提供了一种精英的社会学研究视角。然而,文章认为应进一步开辟日常生活、普通民众的研究视角,不拘于单一的研究视角。
To determine the objective and objective research object is a basic prerequisite for the establishment of science. In the course of the formation and development of the history of science, researchers change the definition of the specific objects in the study of history of science due to the transformation of the research perspective. From the perspective of the study of history of science in the 20th century, the transition from chronological description to positivism was completed and the study of internal history turned to the construction of the overall context outside the science activities. The current school of sociology of science, represented by Stephen Shapiro, provides an elite perspective of sociological research. However, the article believes that we should further open up the daily life, ordinary people's research perspective, regardless of a single research perspective.