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目的调查西藏林芝地区墨脱县疟疾流行情况。方法2006年7月选择墨脱县的墨脱、德兴和背崩等3个重点乡(镇)各2自然村进行居民2年内疟史调查,采耳垂血制厚薄血片和滤纸血滴进行血检、间接荧光抗体试验(IFAT)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)缺乏的检测;用疟疾快速诊断卡对发热病人进行检测。夜间人和畜房诱蚊灯诱捕、白天在按蚊栖息场所诱捕和半通宵室内外人饵诱捕进行媒介按蚊调查,捕获的蚊虫经分类鉴定后,计算蚊虫种类构成比和叮人率;并用ELISA检测部分按蚊唾液腺子孢子感染情况。结果调查点居民2年内有疟史率平均为8.98%(118/1314);居民血检阳性率为3.13%(38/1216),发热病人血检阳性率为7.14%(3/42),均为间日疟原虫感染;IFAT抗体阳性率为40.24%(472/1173);G6PD缺乏检出率为1.74%(21/1208)。共捕获4种按蚊513只,分别为多斑按蚊(474只)、带足按蚊(35只)、可赫按蚊(3只)和中华按蚊(1只),其中多斑按蚊为优势蚊种,占92.40%(474/513)。多斑按蚊的人房和畜房平均密度分别为4.75和69.5只/夜,室外半通宵叮人率为22.75只/人,多斑按蚊唾液腺子孢子阳性率为0。结论墨脱县存在间日疟流行。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of malaria in Medog County, Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region. Methods In July 2006, two natural villages (Medog, Dexing and Beibeng) in each of the two key townships (towns) of Medog County were selected to conduct survey on malaria in residents within two years. Thick blood films of ear lobe and filter paper blood were taken for blood (IFAT) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The malaria rapid diagnostic card was used to detect febrile patients. Mosquitoes trapped in the nighttime and animal house, trapped in the habitat of Anopheles mosquitoes during the day and traps of human bait in half-overnight indoor and outdoor. The mosquitoes caught were classified and identified. The species composition ratio and bite rate of mosquitoes were calculated. Detection of Anopheles salivary gland sporozoites infection. Results The average incidence of malaria in residents surveyed within 2 years was 8.98% (118/1314). The positive rate of blood test was 3.13% (38/1216) and the positive rate of blood test was 7.14% (3/42) For P. vivax infection; IFAT antibody positive rate was 40.24% (472/1173); G6PD deficiency detection rate was 1.74% (21/1208). A total of 513 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected, which were An. Multinomiensis (474), Anopheles stephensi (35), Anchorage canker (3) and Anopheles sinensis (1) Mosquitoes were the dominant species, accounting for 92.40% (474/513). The average density of Anopheles stephens was 4.75 and 69.5 / night, respectively, and the rate of outdoor half-overnight was 22.75 / person. The positive rate of salivary gland sporozoites in An. Conclusion There is a prevalence of Vivax in Medog County.