由于沙眼衣原体是严格的细胞内寄生的微生物，使现有的检测方法灵敏度较低，难以适应当前的临床需要，核酸探针与核酸扩增相结合的技术展现了良好的检测效能，非创伤性标本亦成为研究热点。本文就这两方面的进展作一简要综述，并着重介绍了沙眼衣原体用于检测的基因结构及其基因诊断的方法。 Because Chlamydia trachomatis is a strict intracellular parasitic microorganism that makes the current detection methods less sensitive and difficult to adapt to current clinical needs, the combination of nucleic acid probes and nucleic acid amplification demonstrates good detection efficiency, non-invasive Specimens have also become research hotspots. This article gives a brief overview of the progress of these two aspects, and emphatically introduces the genetic structure of Chlamydia trachomatis used for detection and its gene diagnosis method.