铁路作为国民经济的命脉，长期以来一直由国家独立投资和垄断经营。在我国由计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转变时期，铁路行业陷入了两难境地：一方面由于经济的迅速发展，迫切需要大量的资金修建、改造铁路干线，而国家却显得力不从心；另一方面，国有铁路企业在激烈的市场竞? As the lifeblood of the national economy, the railway has long been independently invested and monopolized by the state. In the transitional period from the planned economy system to the market economy system in China, the railway industry was in a dilemma: on the one hand, due to the rapid economic development, it was in urgent need of substantial funds to construct and transform the railway trunk lines, but the state was powerless; on the other hand, State-owned railway enterprises compete in the fierce market?