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本文通过十八个口语的言谈情境填充问卷(Discourse Completion Task)搜集客家话语料以分析“抱怨”这个语言行为。六十个客家人(年长、年轻各半,两组中男、女性各半)皆针对情境中不同性别、社会地位、熟悉度的被抱怨者做出不同的抱怨。结果显示年长者与女性比年轻人及男性更有礼貌,因为他们倾向使用较长的句子以缓和或弱化抱怨的强度。若以性别、社会地位、熟悉度三个社会语用变项来看,客家人似乎较能察觉到被抱怨者性别及社会地位的改变,也因此做出不同的回应。此外,年长者在面对社会地位较高者时,倾向使用“替被抱怨者辩解”(Justification of the Complainee)策略,而年轻人则多用“直接责骂被抱怨者”(Explicit Blame on the Complainee)策略。另外,客家人在面对社会地位相当者时,较常使用“要求赔偿”(Asking for Repair)策略,而在面对社会地位较高或较低者时,则较少使用。
This essay collects Hakka corpus to analyze the linguistic behavior of “complaining ” through eighteen spoken discourse completion tasks. Sixty Hakka people (older, younger and half-men, and half-men and women in both groups) all complain differently about the grievances of different genders, social status and familiarity in the situation. The results show that older people and women are more polite than younger people and men because they tend to use longer sentences to ease or weaken the intensity of complaints. If we look at the three social pragmatic variables of gender, social status and familiarity, it seems that Hakka people are more likely to perceive the changes in gender and social status of the complainee and thus respond differently. In addition, older persons tend to use the Justification of the Complainee strategy in the face of higher social status, while young people tend to use the “direct scolding of complained people” (Explicit Blame on the Complainee strategy. In addition, Hakka often uses “Asking for Repair” in the face of social status rather than in the face of higher or lower social status.