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研究胎儿嗅粘膜的发育。方法对９０例（１２～４０周）胎儿标本的鼻腔行组织切片和ＨＥ染色，光镜观察嗅粘膜、嗅丝和筛孔内结构的发育及组织形态。结果人胎儿鼻内嗅区的表面被覆高柱状嗅上皮，以上鼻甲的嗅区粘膜为明显。固有层内含丰富的Ｂｏｗｍａｎ腺和类似细胞状结构，该结构在软骨内可见集聚的嗅神经束（嗅丝）。至出生时，筛板上含１２～１６个筛孔，孔内可见嗅丝及其神经外膜、神经鞘和伴行的血管。嗅神经在筛板处呈放射状向下分布。结论上鼻甲处的嗅区粘膜发育较早。嗅上皮较呼吸上皮厚，其嗅细胞数量随胎龄增长而减少。筛孔内结构与颅内脑膜结构关系密切。
To study the development of fetal olfactory mucosa. Methods Tissue sections and HE staining were performed on the nasal cavity of 90 fetuses (12 to 40 weeks old). The development and morphology of the olfactory mucosa, olfactory and mesopores were observed with light microscope. Results The surface of nasal entorhinal area of human fetus was covered with high columnar olfactory epithelium, which was evident in the olfactory mucosa of the upper turbinate. The lamina propria is rich in Bowman’s gland and cell-like structures that can visualize the gathered olfactory nerve bundles (olfactory filaments) within the cartilage. To birth, the sieve plate contains 12 to 16 sieve holes, the hole can be seen snoring silk and its outer membrane, nerve sheath and accompanying blood vessels. Olfactory nerve in the sieve at radial distribution down. Conclusion The nasal mucosa at the olfactory mucosa developed earlier. Smell the epithelium is thicker than the respiratory epithelium, the number of olfactory cells decreases with the increase of gestational age. The structure of the mesh is closely related to the structure of the intracranial meninges.