在社会主义新农村建设过程中,国家财政支农力度不断加大,今年中央财政用于“三农”的支出将达到3397亿元,比去年增加422亿元。然而,金融支农的力度不能令人满意,农民贷款难现象日益突出。农村金融问题已经成为严重制约农村发展的瓶颈。农民贷款难是一个综合征。一是金融体制限制了支农力度。从近年来整个金融状况看,信贷资金供应非常充裕,但国家银行对农村信贷总规模和资金投入呈逐年减少的趋势。二是金融机构“嫌贫爱富”。随着金融机构商业化运作,许多银行宁愿将资金投向非农产业,而不愿投向农业和农村;农村基层机构的精简,造成一些应该发放的农业贷款没有发放;对基层机构贷款权上“收”多而“放”得少。三是农村信贷资金严重外流。农村金融市场“抽水机”多,“输血机”少,资金大量流出农村。一份统计资料显示:2004年,中部某省农村仅通过邮政储蓄和四大国有银行县域分支机构流失的资金达700亿元。一省如此,全国可想而知。一方面是银行“惜贷”,另一方面是农民对贷款望穿秋水,有着巨大的信贷需求。合法金融机构的贷款无法满足农民的需求,非法金融活动在农村日趋活跃,高利贷、地下钱庄和非法集资乘虚而入。财政支农主要是输血,金融支农是造血。农民贷款难,农村就难发展。商业银行贷款向大城市和大型企业过度集中,削弱了对县域经济和乡镇企业的支持。由于农村金融疲软,农业和农村发展资金日益短缺,需求不能得到满足,影响了农业、农村发展的后劲。解决当前“三农”问题,单纯靠财政的支持是远远不够的,一定要加大金融对“三农”的支持力度。创新产生于实践,经验发源于基层。农民贷款难的矛盾和困惑正在一些地方破题。 In the course of building a new socialist countryside, the state’s financial support for agriculture has been steadily increasing. This year, the expenditures of the central government for agriculture, rural areas and farmers will reach 3397 billion yuan, an increase of 42.2 billion yuan over the previous year. However, the financial support for agriculture is unsatisfactory, and the peasants’ loans are becoming increasingly prominent. Rural financial problems have become the bottleneck that severely restricts rural development. Farmer loan is a syndrome. First, the financial system has limited the intensity of supporting agriculture. From the perspective of the entire financial situation in recent years, there is ample supply of credit funds. However, the national banks’ overall size of the rural credit and investment in capital have been decreasing year by year. Second, financial institutions “too poor love rich.” With the commercialization of financial institutions, many banks prefer to invest their funds in non-agricultural industries rather than in agriculture and rural areas. The streamlining of rural grass-roots institutions has resulted in the non-payment of some agricultural loans that should be distributed. More and more “release” less. Third, serious outflow of rural credit funds. Rural financial market, “pump” and “less blood transfusion machine”, a large number of funds out of rural areas. A statistical data shows that in 2004, funds in the rural areas of a province in central China were only saved by 70 billion yuan from postal savings and the branches of the four state-owned banks in the county. So one province, the whole country can be imagined. On the one hand, banks “cherish loans”; on the other hand, peasants look into the loans and have great credit needs. Loans from legitimate financial institutions can not meet the needs of peasants. Illegal financial activities are increasingly active in rural areas. Usinesses such as usurious loans, underground banks and illegal fund-raising have been put to work. Financial support for agriculture is mainly blood transfusion, financial support for agriculture is hematopoietic. Difficult for farmers to loan, rural development is difficult. Commercial bank loans to large cities and large enterprises over concentration, weakening the county economy and township enterprises support. Due to the weak rural finance and the increasingly shortage of funds for agriculture and rural development, the demand can not be met and the stamina of agriculture and rural development has been affected. To solve the current “three rural issues”, it is not enough simply to rely on financial support. We must increase the financial support for “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”. Innovation comes from practice, experience originated in the grassroots. Contradictions and confusion in peasants’ loan difficulties are being explored in some places.