The contemporary Chinese human rights theory can be deciphered based on the “people-centered” concept. “Putting people in the center” is an approach to development, a concept of governance and a ruling orientation, and it is the idea shaping of the governing party, the ideological guideline for administrative organs and the principle of action for relevant personnel. The human rights system is thoughts, theories, systems and practice proposed by social groups and individuals to the social authority, especially the resource provid-er, around the basic demands for subsistence and development. Fun-damentally speaking, the “people-centered” approach and the human rights system, though belonging to different political ethics and polit-ical philosophy fields, share many common points or similarities in their specific way of existence and operation process. Therefore, there is coherence between the “people-centered” approach and human rights, and there is systematic compatibility between the human rights-based way of thinking and the people-centered governing concept. The two approaches share many commonalities in the implementation mea-sures and actions, both requiring the integration of concepts, norms, systems and actions. The deciphering helps China to provide wisdom and make contributions in enriching world human rights theories.