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为了探讨我国不同地区菜粉蝶种群之间的遗传分化情况,本研究运用克隆测序法,对我国16个地区79只菜粉蝶Pieris rapaerDNA的ITS-1基因序列进行测定并分析;同时,以东方菜粉蝶Pieris canidia为外群,重建了它们的系统发生树,初步探讨了它们的生物地理学分化格局。序列分析结果显示:所测菜粉蝶的ITS-1序列长度介于337～458bp之间。经序列比对后,在347个位点中共有281个保守位点,63个变异位点,16个简约信息位点和47个单突变位点;AMOVA软件分析其核苷酸多态性指数(nucleotide diversity)Pi为0.014,每位点Theta(per site)Eta为0.041,遗传分化指数(FST)为0.351(P<0.05);DnaSP软件共检测出48个单倍型(haplotype)序列,单倍型多样性(haplotype diversity)的频率为0.989。系统发生分析结果表明:现存的菜粉蝶各地理种群与其地理分布没有直接的对应关系根据系统发生树结果推测,该蝶种在我国的最早建群可能发生于辽宁、内蒙古及北京一带,其后,通过幼虫寄主植物的水陆运输以及成虫的迁飞向我国的不同地区扩散。
In order to investigate the genetic differentiation among the populations of Pieris rapae in different regions of China, the sequence of ITS-1 gene of Pieris rapaer DNA from 79 Pieris rapae in 16 regions of China was determined and analyzed by cloning and sequencing. At the same time, Pieris canidia as a group, rebuild their phylogenetic tree, initially discussed their biogeographical differentiation pattern. Sequence analysis showed that the ITS-1 sequence length was between 337 and 458bp. After alignment, 281 conserved sites, 63 mutated sites, 16 parsimony informative sites and 47 single-mutation sites were detected in 347 loci. AMOVA software was used to analyze the nucleotide polymorphism index The nucleotide diversity Pi was 0.014, Theta (per site) Eta per locus was 0.041, and the genetic differentiation index (FST) was 0.351 (P <0.05). 48 haplotypes were detected by DnaSP software, The frequency of haplotype diversity was 0.989. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that there is no direct correspondence between the existing geographic populations of Pieris rapae and its geographical distribution. According to the results of phylogenetic tree, it is presumed that the earliest colonization of this species in China may occur in Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Beijing. Through the larval host plants of land and water transport and the migration of adults to spread to different parts of our country.