获得性免疫缺陷综合征是一新的传染性免疫缺陷病,目前至少已在20个国家发现,主要流行于美国。本病主要通过性交,特别是同性恋活动和血液传播,致病原可能是人类 T 淋巴细胞白血病病毒Ⅲ(HTLV-Ⅲ)。HTLV-Ⅲ的主要靶细胞是 T_4(OKT_4~+)细胞,使 T_4细胞数量减少,功能障碍,造成细胞介导的免疫功能缺陷。HTLV-Ⅲ也可使多克隆 B 淋巴细胞活化。临床主要表现为致命的机遇性感染和 Kaposi 肉瘤及慢性淋巴结病综合征。本病目前尚无有效的治疗方法,死亡率几乎100%。 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a new infectious immunodeficiency disorder that is currently found in at least 20 countries and predominantly in the United States. The disease is mainly through sexual intercourse, especially homosexual activity and blood transmission, the pathogen may be human T-lymphoblastic leukemia virus Ⅲ (HTLV-Ⅲ). The main target cell of HTLV-Ⅲ is T_4 (OKT_4 ~ +) cells, which can reduce the number of T_4 cells and cause dysfunction, resulting in cell-mediated immune deficiency. Polyclonal B lymphocytes can also be activated by HTLV-III. The main clinical manifestations of fatal opportunistic infections and Kaposi sarcoma and chronic lymphadenopathy syndrome. The disease is currently no effective treatment, the mortality rate is almost 100%.