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金环蛇毒用羧甲基纤维素柱层析分离出17个蛋白组分,其中5个组分是毒性较大的致死成分。在这5个组分中,Ⅺ、Ⅻ、ⅩⅤ是心脏毒,ⅩⅢ、ⅩⅣ是神经毒。心脏毒组分Ⅺ、ⅫⅩⅤ使离体大鼠心脏挛缩,心跳停止于收缩期;使小鸡离体颈二腹肌挛缩,最后致痉挛性麻痹;对兔眼结合膜有局部刺激作用,使结合膜充血水肿。组分ⅩⅤ还具有直接溶血作用。 神经毒组分ⅩⅢ阻断大鼠、小鸡、青蛙神经肌肉标本的突触传递,标本对乙酰胆碱的反应消失,对直接刺激以及对高浓度氯化钾的反应无减少,神经末梢乙酰胆碱的释放最无显著改变;使蛙腹直肌乙酰胆碱量效曲线平行右移,新斯的明可以对抗这个作用。组分ⅩⅣ的作用与组分ⅩⅢ相似。实验提示,组分ⅩⅢ、ⅩⅣ是作用于终板后膜的神经毒。
Thirteen protein fractions were isolated from carboxymethylcellulose column chromatography with five components, the lethal components with high toxicity. Among the five components, Ⅺ, Ⅻ and ⅩⅤ are cardiotoxic and ⅩⅢ and ⅩⅣ are neurotoxic. Heart poison components Ⅺ, Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅴ so that the isolated rat heart contracture, heart rate stopped at systole; so that the contraction of the abdominal muscles of the chicken abdominal muscle, and finally caused by spastic paralysis; locally irritated rabbit conjunctiva, so that the combination Membrane congestion and edema. Component XV also has direct hemolysis. Neurotoxic component XIII blocks the synaptic transmission in neuromuscular samples of rats, chicks and frogs, and disappears the response of the samples to acetylcholine, and has no effect on direct stimulation and response to high concentrations of potassium chloride. The release of nerve endings, acetylcholine No significant change; frog rectus abdominis acetylcholine dose-effect curve parallel to the right shift, Neostigmine can fight this effect. Component XIV functions similarly to component XIII. Experiments suggest that the components XIII, XIV is a neurotoxic effect on the membrane after the endplate.