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目的分析2014年1月至2015年5月期间河源市的人感染H7N9禽流感(以下简称H7N9)的流行规律和特征,为制定防控疫情策略提供较为科学的参考依据。方法通过人感染H7N9禽流感信息管理系统收集中河源市2014年1月至2015年5月期间的H7N9病例和其他资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2014年1月至2015年5月河源市的H7N9疫情,主要是通过不明原因肺炎、住院肺炎、门急诊流感样病例监测中发现,特点是集中在冬春季节发生,患者间无流行病学联系,≤4岁和≥55岁各3例,大部分患者居住地为城郊,男女比例为2:1,儿童多为轻症且痊愈而老年人多为重症且死亡,3人有明确的活(或死)鸡接触史而另3人有可疑的偶然性生禽接触史,全部密切接触者无感染H7N9,发现疫情相关区域有3份外环境拭子阳性,而相关地区的人群强化监测未发现H7N9阳性病例。结论河源市冬春季是H7N9疫情高发季节,禽类是传染源,主要通过接触传播,儿童和55岁以上有基础疾患的老人是高危人群。临床表现以重症肺炎为主,儿童感染后以轻症为主。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of human H7N9 avian influenza (H7N9) from January 2014 to May 2015 in Heyuan City, and provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control of outbreaks. Methods H7N9 cases and other data from January 2014 to May 2015 in Zhongheyuan were collected from human infected with H7N9 avian influenza information management system and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results The H7N9 outbreak in Heyuan City from January 2014 to May 2015 was mainly found in the surveillance of influenza-like illness of unexplained pneumonia, hospitalized pneumonia and outpatient and emergency services. The epidemic situation was concentrated in the winter and spring seasons with no epidemiology among patients Contact, ≤4 years old and ≥55 years old, 3 cases each. Most of the patients lived in suburbs, the ratio of male to female was 2: 1. Children were mostly mild and healed. Most of the elderly were critically ill and died. (Or dead) chickens, and the other three were suspected cases of accidental contact with live poultry. None of the close contacts were infected with H7N9. Three outlying swabs were found to be positive in the relevant area of the outbreak and no enhanced surveillance was found in the relevant areas H7N9 positive cases. Conclusion Heyuan City, winter and spring are the high season of H7N9 epidemic. Poultry is the source of infection and is mainly transmitted by contact. Children and the elderly who have underlying diseases over 55 are at risk. The main clinical manifestations of severe pneumonia, children with mild to mainly after infection.