“认识从实践始”,我国劳动人民在二千多年前就将钢进行淬火,可见当时已对淬火钢的性质有了认识。自从应用金相显微镜来观察淬火钢的组织以来,人们对马氏体的认识逐步深化。X线衍射的研究,确定钢中马氏体是单相的体心正方(立方)结构。六十年代里以穿透电子显微镜考察马氏体的亚结构,使人们对马氏体的成分、组织结构和 “Knowing From the Beginning of Practice,” the working people in our country quenched the steel more than two thousand years ago. This shows that at that time, the nature of the hardened steel was known. Since the application of metallographic microscope to observe the microstructure of hardened steel, people’s understanding of martensitic gradually deepened. X-ray diffraction study to determine martensitic steel is a single-phase body-centered square (cubic) structure. In the sixties to penetrate the electron microscopic examination of martensite substructure, so that people on the martensite composition, structure and