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作为汉语古今语序变革的经典案例,比较句的演变历来备受关注。但汉语比较句演变中的一些重要问题却并没有解决。本文在以往研究的基础上,结合汉语比较句语序类型的转变和句式结构的更替,展现在汉语孕育剧变的中古时期,无标记的比较句式普遍存在平比与差比歧义两解的复杂情形,而否定、疑问、假设等有标记的平比句式率先开启汉语比较句的语序变革表示差比,这或从某种程度上说明汉语平比句和差比句之间存在同源派生关系。伴随新兴比较词和框式介词等双重比较标记的出现,汉语的平比句与差比句在完成新旧语序更替的同时,也由起初的交织混同走向分立定型。
As a classic case of Chinese language order change, the evolution of comparative sentences has always been the focus of attention. However, some important issues in the evolution of Chinese comparative sentences have not been solved. Based on the previous studies, combined with the change of sentence type and the alternation of sentence structure in Chinese comparative sentences, this paper shows that the unmarked comparative sentences commonly exist in complex periods Situation, and negation, doubt, hypotheses and other marked parallelism is the first to open the Chinese comparative sentence order change representation of the difference, which to some extent, that there is a homologous derivative between Chinese flat clauses and difference clauses relationship. With the advent of dual comparison markers such as emerging comparative words and box prepositions, the parallel clauses and difference clauses in Chinese also change from the original interlaced mixed to the discrete form while completing the alternation between old and new words.