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自从20世纪70年代的Trans Alaska管线工程(TAPS)开始,铌被广泛用于管线钢生产,并因其具有最佳奥氏体调节的作用,激起含铌技术在整个TMCP钢中的应用。然而,近来钢材应用的发展不仅需要铁素体-珠光体型高强度结构钢,对贝氏体或者马氏体型高强度结构钢也提出了需求。在2002年,加Nb的TMCP钢的抗拉强度达到950MPa,首次用于神流川水电站工程建设。在该钢中,Nb是提高强度而不损害马氏体组织韧性的关键元素。另一方面,一些以铁素体(和贝氏体)为基的钢,比如海洋工程结构用钢和LPG运输船船体用钢,都添加Nb来降低碳含量提高低温韧性。结合工程实例,从母材钢板和焊接接头两个角度阐述了Nb冶金在结构钢中的种种应用。
Since the beginning of the Trans Alaska Pipeline Project (TAPS) in the 1970s, niobium has been widely used in the production of pipeline steels, and because of its optimum austenite conditioning, the niobium-containing technology has been stimulated throughout TMCP steels. However, recent developments in steel applications require not only ferritic-pearlite high-strength structural steels but also bainite or martensitic high-strength structural steels. In 2002, the tensile strength of TMCP steel with Nb reached 950 MPa, which was firstly used in the construction of the Shenliuchuan Hydropower Station. In this steel, Nb is a key element that increases strength without compromising the toughness of the martensite structure. On the other hand, some ferritic (and bainitic) based steels, such as marine engineering structural steels and LPG carrier hull steels, have added Nb to reduce the carbon content and improve low temperature toughness. Combined with the engineering examples, the application of Nb metallurgy in structural steel is described from two aspects of base metal plate and welded joint.