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研究了同一优质小麦品种在河南省不同地点和土壤条件下种植所产生的主要品质性状的变异。结果表明,由北向南种植和从西向东种植,主要加工品质指标湿面筋含量和粉质仪稳定时间均有降低的趋势。其中,尤其以湿面筋含量的降低最为规律,分析认为这种规律性的变化主要与年降雨量的梯度变化有关,因而年降雨量是影响小麦品质的主要自然生态因子;测定了不同土壤养分含量状态下所生产商品麦的主要品质指标,表明湿面筋含量及稳定时间与土壤中的速效氮(NH4+-N)含量均呈极显著的相关关系,因而增加氮肥用量可以改善品质。土壤中速效磷和速效钾含量对提高湿面筋含量并无多大作用,但与面团稳定时间存在着显著的正相关。河南省各地土壤的类型,土壤中大、中、微量元素的含量及其限制因素存在一定差异,因此,应根据其具体情况提出不同的平衡施肥方案以达到高产优质。
The variation of the main quality traits produced by the same high quality wheat cultivars in different locations and soil conditions in Henan Province was studied. The results showed that from north to south planting and from west to east planting, the wet gluten content and the settling time of the main processing quality indexes all tended to decrease. Among them, wet gluten content is the most important factor in the reduction of wet gluten content. The change of regularity is mainly related to the gradient change of annual rainfall. Therefore, annual rainfall is the main natural ecological factor that affects the quality of wheat. The main quality indexes of the wheat products produced under the condition indicated that the content of wet gluten and the stabilization time had a very significant correlation with the content of available nitrogen (NH4 + -N) in the soil. Therefore, increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer could improve the quality. Soil available phosphorus and available potassium content of wet gluten content to enhance little effect, but with the dough stability time there is a significant positive correlation. The types of soil and the content of major, middle and trace elements in soil and their limiting factors are different in Henan Province. Therefore, different balanced fertilization schemes should be put forward according to their specific conditions in order to achieve high yield and good quality.