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地震监测(时间推移或4-D地震)在增加现有油田和新油田的收率上有极大潜力。虽然未来油田应从为时间推移监测设计的地震采集中受益,但对大多数石油公司,当前地震监测机会的情况为:现有油田已经采集了一次或多次3-D勘探数据。这些老的地震数据集并不是为地震监测目的而采集的,而且还因采集和处理参数不同常常差别很大。此外,地震采集所选择的时间很少针对使最优地作出油藏变化的平面图或影响到开发决策。地震数据在数据体的非储层部分的重复性以及储层中地震差异异常的稳健性和可信性是在时间推移分析中应用老数据的关键问题。另一个问题是,四维地震差异能否根据储层生产
Seismic monitoring (time-lapse or 4-D earthquakes) has great potential for increasing the yields of existing and new fields. While future oilfields should benefit from seismic acquisitions designed for monitoring over time, for most oil companies, current seismic monitoring opportunities are such that one or more 3-D exploration data have been collected from existing fields. These old seismic data sets are not collected for seismic monitoring purposes, but often vary widely in acquisition and processing parameters. In addition, the selections of seismograms are seldom directed at the plans that make the best possible reservoir changes or affect development decisions. The reproducibility of seismic data in the non-reservoir part of the data body and the robustness and credibility of the anomalous seismic differences in the reservoir are key issues in applying the old data to time-lapse analysis. Another issue is whether four-dimensional seismic differences can be produced according to the reservoir