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客家采茶戏自清末传入台湾后,逐渐在台湾客家地区生根发芽,成为台湾众多戏曲剧种中风格独特的民间戏曲。随着1895年台湾割让于日本和1945年光复后国民党的入台统治,其政治和文化经历了百余年的曲折进程,客家采茶戏在台湾岛屿区域内与大陆的采茶戏并行发展。由于多剧种在其较小的岛屿空间内近距离的互相影响与高度融合,台湾采茶戏与大陆采茶戏有着相异的发展历程和状态,更多地融合了京剧、歌仔戏、四平戏等戏剧的演唱、表演、剧目、舞台、程式等因素,呈现出更具包容性和涵化力的特性。本文通过梳理台湾客家采茶戏在20世纪的曲折发展历程,探讨和分析在中华传统文明大语境下,台湾客家采茶戏在相异的政治经济环境中所经历的不同发展境遇。
After the tea-picking opera came to Taiwan from the end of the Qing Dynasty, it gradually took root in the Hakka area of Taiwan and became a unique folk drama in many Taiwan operas. With the cease-government of Taiwan in Japan in 1895 and the re-entry of the Kuomintang in 1945, the politics and culture of the island experienced more than 100 years of twists and turns. The Hakka tea-picking drama developed in parallel with the mainland’s tea-picking opera in Taiwan’s island region. Due to the close interaction and integration of the multiple operas in its smaller island space, the Taiwan tea-picking opera and the mainland tea-picking play have different developmental stages and states, more integrating the performances of Beijing Opera, Taiwanese opera and opera performances, Performance, repertoire, stage, program and other factors, showing a more inclusive and power of character. This paper explores and analyzes the different development experiences of Taiwan Hakka tea-picking plays in different political and economic environments under the context of traditional Chinese civilization by combing the twists and turns of the Hakka tea-picking opera in Taiwan in the 20th century.