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湖南道县历史悠久,“关仙”现象在当地比较普遍。“关仙”现象对信众个体的精神慰藉、心理调适、娱乐消遣等有重要作用。所谓“关仙”就是一种民众向某个神灵附体者(仙娘婆)进行“咨询”的活动。通过非结构式访谈与参与观察等方法调查得知,整个“关仙”过程包括四个部分:采花、关灶神、关病、关死魂,由仪式专家“仙娘婆”实施。民众的信仰需求与仪式专家的持续再生产是“关仙”仪式得以存在的内因,“灵性产品”竞争者的稀少与政府管制的宽松是其存在的外因。认为“关仙”现象是一种有巫术倾向的民间信仰,本质上属于宗教。“关仙”现象是民间信仰中的一种特定形式,若要达成提高国家文化软实力的目标,必须要面对民间信仰的重构问题。
Hunan has a long history of Dao County, “Guanxian” phenomenon is more common in the area. “Guanxian ” phenomenon plays an important role in the spiritual comfort, psychological adjustment, recreation and entertainment of individual believers. The so-called “Guanxian” is a kind of people to a god possessed (immortal mother-in-law) “counseling ” activities. Through the investigation of non-structural interviews and participatory observation, we know that the whole Guanzai process consists of four parts: picking up flowers, shutting up the god of fire, turning off the disease and shutting down the dead soul, and being practiced by the ritual expert “Niangniang Po”. Continued reproduction of people’s belief needs and ritual experts is the internal reason for the existence of the “Guanxian” ritual, and the externality of the existence of “spiritual products” competitors and scarcity of government control. It is believed that the phenomenon of “turning off immortals” is a kind of folk belief with witchcraft tendencies and is essentially religious. The phenomenon of “turning off immortals” is a particular form of folk belief. To achieve the goal of improving the national soft power of culture, we must face the issue of the reconstruction of folk beliefs.