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材料的破坏形式是各式各样的。常见的有脆性断裂,韧性断裂,疲劳、蠕变及应力腐蚀断裂,延时断裂等。材料破坏的外部原因主要是由力学因素和环境因素(如,温度、介质)等造成的;内部原因则是由材料的完整度以及材料的成分、组织状态等因素决定的。 一般的机械设计是以由光滑试件(不含较大裂纹)测得的屈服极限、强度极限和疲
The destruction of materials is varied. Common brittle fracture, ductile fracture, fatigue, creep and stress corrosion cracking, delayed fracture. The external causes of material damage are mainly caused by mechanical factors and environmental factors (such as temperature, medium), etc. The internal causes are determined by the material integrity, the composition of the material, the state of the organization, and other factors. The general mechanical design is based on the smooth specimen (without large cracks) measured yield limit, the ultimate strength and fatigue