目的:探讨小儿右肺中叶综合征(MLS)的病因及治疗。方法:对58例MLS患儿的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果:多以咳嗽、咳痰、发热为主要临床表现。炎症(82.7%)为主要病因,异物(6.9%)和结核(10.3%)为次要病因。采用抗感染、肺泡灌洗、体位引流、支气管镜等治疗后痊愈53例(91.4%),好转5例(8.6%)。结论:MLS在儿童肺不张中较常见,感染为主要病因,通过早期诊断及积极治疗,预后良好。 Objective: To explore the etiology and treatment of middle right middle lung syndrome (MLS) in children. Methods: The clinical data of 58 cases of MLS were retrospectively analyzed. Results: To cough, sputum, fever as the main clinical manifestations. Inflammation (82.7%) was the major cause, with foreign bodies (6.9%) and tuberculosis (10.3%) as secondary causes. Fifty-three (91.4%) were cured and 5 cases (8.6%) recovered after anti-infective, alveolar lavage, body drainage and bronchoscopy. Conclusion: MLS is more common in children with atelectasis and infection is the main cause. Through early diagnosis and active treatment, the prognosis is good.