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土壤是一种具有腐蚀性的电解质。土壤中金属的腐蚀过程主要是电化学过程。土壤的不均匀性造成土壤腐蚀的复杂性及差异性。地下金属构件接触不同类型的土壤构成的宏电池腐蚀危害很大。有关专家曾设计供氧差异腐蚀电池来研究土壤的宏电池腐蚀。后来又有学者对这种方法进行了改进。我国学者的研究发现，在地势改变、水份状况不同的土壤交界处，常常会发生严重的宏电池腐蚀。土壤盐浓差是宏电池腐蚀的一种类型。地下金属构件经过存在盐浓差土壤地带时构成的盐浓差宏电池腐蚀主要取决于土壤类型。
Soil is a corrosive electrolyte. The corrosion process of metal in soil is mainly electrochemical process. The heterogeneity of soil causes the complexity and difference of soil erosion. Macro-cell corrosion caused by the contact of underground metal components with different types of soil is very harmful. Experts have designed the oxygen difference corrosion cell to study soil macro cell corrosion. Later, some scholars made some improvements to this method. Studies by Chinese scholars have found that severe macro-cell corrosion often occurs at the boundary of soils where the terrain changes and the water conditions are different. Soil salt concentration is a type of macro cell corrosion. The corrosion of macro-cell with salt concentration due to the existence of salt concentration in the soil zone of underground metal components mainly depends on the type of soil.