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一、光测力学的发展历程光测力学是应用光学原理来研究结构应力的一门学科。1852年麦克斯威尔根据1816年布鲁斯特发现的人工双折射效应,在实验验证的基础上总结出了应力一光定律,直接建立了光干涉现象与应力状态的对应关系。光测弹性力学从此开始了它的发展、应用和开拓新领域的漫长历程。经过半个多世纪的探索,特别是自从激光器问世以来全息照相技术的迅速发展及其与光弹性法的结合运用,逐渐形成了一门具有自身特色的独立新学科一光测力学。光测应力分析方法可分为光弹性法、全息干涉与散斑干涉法、密栅云纹法以及它们之间相互渗透所派生出的分析方法。光弹性法的基本原理是:当用具有双折射效应的透明塑料制成的模型,在荷载作用下置于自光光源的圆偏振光场中,模型中将呈现出一族彩色的干涉条纹图象。一
First, the development of photometric mechanics Photometric mechanics is the application of optical principles to study the structural stress of a discipline. In 1852, according to the artificial birefringence effect discovered by Brewster in 1852, Maxwell summarized the stress-light law on the basis of experimental verification and directly established the corresponding relationship between light interference and stress state. Optical elasticity since then began its development, application and pioneering a long history of new areas. After more than half a century of exploration, especially since the advent of lasers, the rapid development of holographic technology and its combination with the application of photoelasticity, it has gradually formed an independent new discipline and photometric mechanics with its own characteristics. Optical stress analysis methods can be divided into photoelastic method, holographic interference and speckle interferometry, dense grating moire method and the mutual infiltration between them derived analytical method. The basic principle of the photoelastic method is that when a model made of a transparent plastic with a birefringence effect is placed in a circularly polarized light field of a self light source under a load, a family of colored interference fringe patterns . one