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目的:探讨围产期高危因素与HIE的关系,以降低HIE的发生。方法:对12 006例新生儿和160例诊断为HIE的患儿围产资料进行回顾性调查和统计分析。结果:婴儿性别与HIE的发生无显著性差异(P>0.05)。孕期因素中,无产检组发生率明显高于产检组(P<0.001),高危妊娠组发生率明显高于正常妊娠组(P<0.001),孕妇年龄、胎次不同发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。在产时因素中,早产组发生率明显高于足月产组(P<0.001);胎儿窘迫组发生率明显高于无胎儿窘迫组(P<0.001);新生儿窒息组发生率明显高于无新生儿窒息组(P<0.001);自然分娩组与剖腹产组发生率无明显差异(P>0.05);阴道手术助产组发生率明显高于阴道自然分娩组(P<0.001)。结论:HIE发生的主要危险因素是胎儿宫内窘迫和新生儿窒息。因此,加强围产期保健,助产得当,及时复苏窒息是预防和降低产时、产后HIE发生的关键。
Objective: To investigate the relationship between perinatal high risk factors and HIE to reduce the incidence of HIE. Methods: The perinatal data of 12 006 newborns and 160 children diagnosed as HIE were retrospectively investigated and statistically analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in sex between infants and HIE (P> 0.05). The incidence of pregnancy-free patients was significantly higher than that of the pregnant women (P <0.001), and the incidence of high-risk pregnant women was significantly higher than that of the normal pregnant women (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between the pregnant women and the pregnant women (P > 0.05). The incidence of preterm birth was significantly higher than that of full-term (P <0.001). The incidence of fetal distress was significantly higher than that of non-fetal distress (P <0.001). The incidence of neonatal asphyxia was significantly higher There was no difference between the spontaneous delivery group and the caesarean section group (P> 0.05). The incidence of the vaginal surgery midwifery group was significantly higher than that of the spontaneous vaginal delivery group (P <0.001). Conclusion: The main risk factors for HIE are fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia. Therefore, to strengthen perinatal care, proper midwifery, timely resuscitation asphyxia is to prevent and reduce the production, the key to postpartum HIE.