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目的 研究我国各疫源地鼠疫耶尔森菌(简称鼠疫菌)毒力因子特征,为制订防治对策提供依据.方法 用常规方法对20世纪50年代以来,从我国11种不同的自然疫源地、不同的宿主和媒介分离的2 212株鼠疫菌进行4种毒力因子[荚膜抗原(F1)、毒力抗原(VW)、鼠疫菌素(PstⅠ)和色素沉着因子(Pgm)]检测,并采用x2检验,比较我国11种鼠疫自然疫源地分离鼠疫菌的毒力因子组成,以及自人间鼠疫患者及尸体分离鼠疫菌的毒力因子组成.结果 72.06％(1 594/2 212)的鼠疫菌4种毒力因子俱全.99.95％(2 211/2 212)的鼠疫菌F1阳性,99.64％(2 204/2 212)的鼠疫菌Pat Ⅰ阳性,73.73％(1 631/2212)的鼠疫菌VW阳性,72.06％(1 594/2 212)的鼠疫菌Pgm阳性,21.70％(480/2 212)的鼠疫菌Pgm阴性,Pgm混合型菌株占6.24％(138/2 212).11种鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌株毒力因子F1和PstⅠ组成比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.61、3.64,P均＞0.05);VW、Pgm组成比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=227.99、390.96,P均＜0.05).除4种鼠疫自然疫源地无人间鼠疫病例外,其余7种鼠疫自然疫源地自人间鼠疫患者及尸体分离的220株鼠疫菌毒力因子VW、Pgm组成比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=39.72、51.05,P均＜0.05),而鼠疫菌F1、Pst Ⅰ阳性率均为100％.结论 我国不同疫源地分离的鼠疫菌绝大多数能产生毒力因子F1和Pst Ⅰ,性状稳定.不同疫源地鼠疫菌,不同疫源地人间鼠疫患者及尸体分离鼠疫菌毒力因子Pgm、VW在组成上有显著差别,二者与疫源地性质有一定的关系,具有鼠疫菌分型和流行病学意义.“,”Objective To study the characteristics of virulence factors of Yersiniapestis (Y.pestis) isolated from different natural plague foci in China and to provide a basis for developing prevention and control measures on plague.Methods Conventional technologies were applied to examine the characteristics of four virulence factors [Fra1 (F1),Pesticin1 (Pst Ⅰ),Virulence antigen (VW) and Pigmentation (Pgm)] of 2 212 strains of Y.pestis isolated from various host and media in different kinds natural foci since the 1950s,and chi-square test was used to contrast composition of virulence factors of Y.pestis from 11 different kinds of plague natural foci including the strains isolated from human plague patients and bodies.Results Among the 2 212 strains of Y.pestis,72.06％ (1 594/2 212) contained the four virulence factors,F1+ accounted for 99.95％ (2 211/2 212),Pst Ⅰ + accounted for 99.64％ (2 204/2 212),VW+accounted for 73.73％ (1 631/2 212),Pgm+ accounted for 72.06％ (1 594/2 212),Pgm-accounted for 21.70％ (480/2 212) and Pgm+/-accounted for 6.24％ (138/2 212),respectively.There were no significant differences (x2 =0.61,3.64,all P ＞ 0.05) on composition of virulence factors F1 and Pst Ⅰ of Y.pestis from 11 different kinds of plague natural foci,and significant differences (x2 =227.99,390.96,all P ＜ 0.05) on composition of virulence factors VW and Pgm of Y.pestis.In addition to 4 kinds of plague natural foci where no human plague cases were found,there were significant differences (x2 =39.72,51.05,all P ＜ 0.05) on composition of VW and Pgm of Y.pestis isolated from human plague patients and bodies in other 7 different kinds of plague natural foci; all the constituent ratios of F1+ and Pst Ⅰ + were 100％.Conclusions Most F1 and Pst Ⅰ of Y.pestis isolated from different kinds of natural plague foci in China are in a stable state.There are significant differences in the composition of Pgm and VW of Y.pestis isolated from plague patient in China,and the strains are related to plague foci and they have biovars,ecotype and epidemiological significance.