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为了研究一体化Y型腔正交偏振氦氖激光器腔内温度场分布对其输出频差稳定性的影响,利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了该激光器的热力学模型。详细介绍了材料热参数的处理、激光器增益区热载荷的施加和换热系数的计算方法,通过仿真得到了该激光器腔体在稳态和瞬态情况下的温度场分布。采用红外热像仪设备拍摄得到腔体表面的实际温度值,与仿真结果对比,表明二者的温度值差异小于1%,建立的仿真模型准确可靠。激光器启动后,热量逐步从增益区向非增益区传导。当激光器温度分布稳定时,腔体存在明显的温度梯度分布,其中表面区域温度梯度最大;表面温度最高点位于阴极附近,最低点位于远离增益区的子腔体下表面。两子腔表面温度差值为0.05℃,引起的频差漂移为0.067 MHz。研究表明:激光器两子腔随时间变化产生的温度差值仍是制约激光器输出频差稳定性的主要因素,为下一步提高频差稳定性和优化激光器几何结构设计提供了指导。
In order to study the influence of the temperature field distribution in the integrated Y-cavity orthogonal polarizer He-Ne laser on the stability of the output frequency difference, the thermodynamic model of the laser was established by ANSYS finite element software. The treatment of material thermal parameters, the application of heat load in laser gain region and the calculation of heat transfer coefficient are introduced in detail. The temperature field distribution of the laser cavity under steady state and transient state is obtained by simulation. The actual temperature of the cavity surface was obtained by infrared thermal imager equipment. Compared with the simulation results, the difference between the two temperature values was less than 1%. The simulation model established was accurate and reliable. After the laser is started, the heat is gradually transferred from the gain region to the non-gain region. When the temperature distribution of the laser is stable, there is a clear temperature gradient distribution in the cavity, in which the temperature gradient of the surface area is the largest; the highest surface temperature is near the cathode and the lowest point is located on the lower surface of the sub-cavity away from the gain area. The difference in surface temperature between the two sub-cavities is 0.05 ° C, resulting in a frequency drift of 0.067 MHz. The results show that the temperature difference between the two sub-cavities of the laser as a function of time is still the main factor that restricts the stability of the output frequency difference of the laser and provides guidance for improving the frequency stability and optimizing the geometrical structure design of the laser.