先秦诸子思辨视野下的孔子形象——以论孟子对孔子的论述为中心

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战国时期一些学派从不同角度论述孔子。孟子极力推崇孔子,批评墨者。他往往借孔子之言、行来表达他的学说。孟子对孔子生平的论述,有些地方补充《论语》不足或空缺之处,有些地方为孔子辩护,有些地方澄清后入对孔子的误会。孟子是第一位说孔子作《春秋》者,又阐明作《春秋》的动机及其寓意。孟子推崇孔子为圣之集大成。孟子通过对孔子的论述,阐述自己的一些思想观念:论人品、论修养、论行仁政、论士礼、论仁义的历史观。其他诸子根据自己的学说、立场对孔子进行论述,如庄子及其后学或推崇或贬抑孔子。荀子推崇孔子是创造礼义之统的圣人,并藉孔子的言论阐述政见。学派不同,对孔子的论述有异。 Some schools in the Warring States Period discussed Confucius from different angles. Mencius strongly advocated Confucius, criticized ink. He often used Confucius’ words and actions to express his theory. Mencius on the life of Confucius, some places to supplement the “Analects” inadequacy or vacancies, in some places to defend Confucius, in some places to clarify misleading later into Confucius. Mencius was the first one who said that Confucius was “Spring and Autumn”, and also explained the motive and moral of “Spring and Autumn”. Mencius respected Confucius as a collection of holy. Through the discussion of Confucius, Mencius elaborated some of his own ideas and conceptions: on the outlook of character, on cultivation, on the line of benevolence, on manners and rites and on the righteousness and righteousness. Other philosophers according to their own doctrine, position on Confucius discourse, such as Chuang Tzu and his later studies or respected or derogatory Confucius. Xunzi praises Confucius as a saint who creates a ritualistic system of righteousness and righteousness, and expresses political opinions through Confucius’s remarks. Different schools, the discussion of Confucius are different.
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