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【目的】了解昆山地区4～6岁儿童感觉统合失调及影响因素,为早期行为干预提供依据。【方法】分层整群抽取昆山市区、乡镇托幼机构2 515例儿童进行感觉统合能力测定,并用自行设计编制调查表对感觉统合相关因素进行调查。【结果】1)全区儿童感觉统合失调率为25.45%,市区、乡镇儿童感觉统合失调率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.41,P>0.05)。2)男童感觉统合失调发生率高于女童,差异有高度统计学意义(χ2=6.81,P<0.01);不同年龄感觉统合失调发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.52,P<0.05);除前庭功能轻度失调率男童高于女童,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)外,其余各项失调两组无明显差别。3)前庭功能轻度失调率小年龄儿童高于大年龄儿童,而触觉防御、本体功能则相反,各项轻度失调率不同年龄间差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。触觉防御、本体功能中度失调率不同年龄间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4)儿童前庭功能失调发生与母亲孕期反应相关;触觉防御失调发生与儿童生长发育、父亲养育子女态度、儿童6月龄前喂养方式、儿童性格以及儿童平时主要照顾者等因素相关;本体功能失调发生与家庭类型、父亲养育子女态度等因素相关。儿童生长发育、家庭类型以及父亲养育子女态度影响儿童感觉统合失调。【结论】多因素综合影响昆山儿童感觉统合能力,儿童感觉统合失调应引起高度重视。
【Objective】 To understand the sensory integration disorder and its influencing factors in children aged 4 ~ 6 years in Kunshan, and to provide basis for early behavioral intervention. 【Method】 Totally 2 5155 children from kindergartens and kindergartens in Kunshan City were selected for sensory integration assessment by stratified cluster analysis. The related factors of sensory integration were investigated by self-designed questionnaire. 【Results】 1) The rate of sensory integration dysfunction in children in the whole district was 25.45%. There was no significant difference in sensory integration disorder between urban and rural children (χ2 = 1.41, P> 0.05). 2) The incidence of sensory integration dysfunction in boys was higher than that in girls, the difference was highly statistically significant (χ2 = 6.81, P <0.01); the incidence of sensory integration disorders at different ages was statistically significant (χ2 = 8.52, P <0.05) There was no significant difference between the two groups except that the rate of mild dysfunction in the vestibular function was higher in boys than in girls, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). 3) Mild dysfunction rate of vestibular function was higher in younger children than in older children, while tactile defense and ontological functions were the opposite. There was a statistically significant difference in mild dysregulation rate between different ages (P <0.01). Tactile defense, ontology dysfunction rate of moderate differences between different ages was statistically significant (P <0.05). 4) The incidence of vestibular dysfunction in children was related to the mother’s pregnancy response. The incidence of tactile defensive disorder was related to the growth and development of children, the attitude of father’s children, the feeding mode before 6 months of age, the character of children and the primary caregivers of children. The ontological dysfunction Occurrence and family type, father’s attitude and other factors related to children. Children’s growth and development, family type and parental attitude affect children’s sensory integration disorder. 【Conclusion】 Many factors affect the sensory integration ability of children in Kunshan, children with sensory integration disorders should be highly valued.