1引言1.1流行病学在大多数国家,脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Neisseria Meningitidis,Nm;也称脑膜炎球菌)被认为是引起脑膜炎和暴发性败血症的一种最主要病原,引起重要的公共卫生问题。但不少国家(尤其是亚洲国家)的监测数据不全或缺乏,因此无法准确估计全球的疾病负担。绝大部分侵袭性Nm感染由A、B、C、X、W135或Y血清群引起。这些血清群的Nm既能引起地方性流行,又能引起爆发,但他们的相对流行情况随时间和地点的不同而不同。全球脑膜炎球菌 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Epidemiology Neisseria meningitidis (Nm; also known as meningococci) is considered to be one of the most important pathogens causing meningitis and fulminant sepsis in most countries, causing important public health problem. However, the monitoring data of many countries (especially in Asia) are incomplete or lacking, so the global disease burden can not be accurately estimated. The vast majority of invasive Nm infections are caused by serogroups A, B, C, X, W135 or Y. The Nm of these serogroups can cause both endemic and eruptions, but their relative prevalence varies by time and place. Global meningococci