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金属有机骨架(metal-organic framework,简称MOF)材料的研究在近几年相当热门,因其各种优异的性质,在催化领域得到广泛应用。然而,其本身作为催化剂的研究并不多且应用较为局限。但MOF材料规则的多孔结构及较大的比表面积为负载高分散金属纳米催化剂提供了天然的物理空间,能有效阻止金属纳米颗粒的团聚及浸出;使催化剂与反应物充分接触,有利于催化反应的进行,这也是近年来MOF材料作为催化剂的一个主要研究方向。本文着重讨论通过不同的方法将金属纳米颗粒负载在MOF材料上制备双金属或多金属催化剂并在催化领域的应用。重点介绍一锅合成法、化学吸附还原负载法、金属有机化学气相沉积法、固相研磨法等制备方法,较为详细地介绍了其在氧化(醇、烷烃、烯烃和CO氧化)、加氢(羰基类化合物和烯烃类化合物加氢)、Knoevenagel缩合、光催化(光催化降解有机物和光解水产氢)等反应中的应用,讨论了这类新型功能催化剂材料所存在的问题并对其进一步发展前景做出展望。
The research on metal-organic framework (MOF) materials has been quite popular in recent years. Due to its various excellent properties, it has been widely applied in the field of catalysis. However, its own as a catalyst is not much research and application more limited. However, the porous structure and larger specific surface area of the MOF material provide a natural physical space for supporting the highly dispersed metal nano-catalyst and effectively prevent the agglomeration and leaching of the metal nano-particles. The contact between the catalyst and the reactant is sufficient to facilitate the catalytic reaction This is also a major research direction of MOF material as a catalyst in recent years. This article focuses on the preparation of bimetallic or multimetallic catalysts by different methods for loading metal nanoparticles onto MOF materials and their applications in catalysis. The preparation methods of one-pot synthesis, chemisorption reduction loading, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and solid-phase milling are introduced in detail. The preparation methods of oxidation, alcohol, alkane, Carbonyl compounds and olefins hydrogenation), Knoevenagel condensation, photocatalysis (photocatalytic degradation of organic matter and photolysis of water to produce hydrogen) reaction, discussed the problems of these new type of functional catalyst materials and its further development prospects Make a forecast.