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目的掌握山西省饮水型地方性砷中毒病区降砷改水工程运行状况及地方性砷中毒病情,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照《2011年度中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金山西省饮水型地方性砷中毒病情调查项目技术方案》的要求,结合既往调查资料,对5个县(市)进行地方性砷中毒监测,调查5个县改水工程运行情况,同时对5个县14个监测村居民的饮水砷含量和暴露人群发病情况进行调查。结果监测改水工程22个,覆盖自然村75个,人口11.518 3万人;监测14个村,其中13个是已改水村,水砷含量合格率100.0%,均为小型工程;1个未改水村,监测90户,其中水砷达标28户,合格率31.1%,水砷超标62户,超标率68.9%;在已改水村检查7 369人,检出砷中毒患者84例,检出率1.14%,其中轻度病例77例,占1.04%;中度病例7例,占0.09%,无重度病例、新发病例及皮肤癌病例;在未改水村检查240人,检出砷中毒患者18例,检出率7.50%,全部为轻度病例,无中度病例、重度病例及新发病例。结论改水工程运转良好,未改水村水砷超标率高,应尽快采取必要的防治措施,积极寻找低砷水源进行改水。
Objective To understand the status of endemic arsenic poisoning in arsenism poisoning endemic arsenic poisoning area in Shanxi Province and to provide a scientific basis for future prevention and treatment work. Methods In accordance with the requirements of the “Technical Proposal for Investigation Project of Regional Arsenism in Drinking Water of Central Government Subsidies for 2011 in Shanxi Province” and the previous survey data, local arsenism monitoring was conducted in 5 counties (cities) and investigated 5 Counties to change the water project operation, at the same time, 14 counties in 5 counties drinking water arsenic content and exposure of the population were investigated. Results A total of 22 water improvement projects were covered, covering 75 natural villages and a population of 11.518 million. 14 villages were monitored, of which 13 were changed villages and the pass rate of arsenic was 100.0% , Monitoring 90 households, of which 28 cases of water arsenic standards, the passing rate of 31.1%, 62 cases of excessive water arsenic, exceeding the rate of 68.9%; 7 369 people have been changed to the water village, detected 84 cases of arsenic poisoning, the detection rate of 1.14% , Of which mild cases 77 cases, accounting for 1.04%; 7 cases of moderate cases, accounting for 0.09%, no severe cases, new cases and skin cancer cases; 240 people did not change the water examination, detection of arsenic poisoning in 18 patients, The detection rate was 7.50%, all mild cases, no moderate cases, severe cases and new cases. Conclusion The water diversion works are in good condition. The exceeding standard rate of arsenic in unchanged water villages is high. Therefore, necessary prevention and control measures should be taken as soon as possible to actively find low-arsenic water sources for water diversion.