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骨骼表面痕迹观察是旧石器时代动物考古学研究中的一个重要手段。通常情况下,在切割痕、砍砸痕、烧灼痕等古人类行为活动痕迹之外,考古遗址出土的动物骨骼表面都有多种非人工痕迹的保留。但是,相对于人工改造痕迹而言,国内考古学家对于后者的关注与研究却明显不足。本文以考古研究中最为常见的肉食类齿痕、啮齿类啮咬痕、水流磨蚀痕、踩踏痕、生物/化学腐蚀痕以及风化痕迹等为例,系统介绍它们的产生机理、主要鉴别特征、分布规律以及研究案例,并对其在旧石器时代动物考古学研究中的意义进行讨论与阐述。
Skeletal surface trace observation is an important means in Paleolithic animal archeology. Under normal circumstances, in the cutting marks, cut marks, burn marks and other traces of ancient human activities, the archaeological site unearthed animal bones have a variety of non-artificial traces of the reservation. However, relative to the traces of artificial transformation, the domestic archaeologists have noticed much attention and research on the latter. In this paper, the most common carnivorous teeth marks, rodent bite marks, water erosion marks, stampede marks, bio / chemical corrosion marks and weathering marks are the most common examples in archeological research, and their production mechanism, main distinguishing features and distribution are systematically introduced As well as the research case, and discusses its significance in the study of animal archeology in Paleolithic period.