黑龙江位于我国北疆边陲,是一条著名的国际界河,由于处于高纬度地带,气候严寒,江水封冻期长达六七个月,每年4月中旬到5月中旬随着气候逐渐回暖,黑龙江上游的石勒喀河、额尔古纳河两大支流先开始解冻,大小不等的冰块顺江而下,当受到封冻冰层的阻挡时,便很快堆积起来,形成多处冰坝,堵塞江道,江水壅高,这就是被人们称谓的凌汛。黑龙江上游灾害性的凌汛活动频繁,危害严重,经济损失甚大,给沿江人民生命财产带来很大的威协。严重的冰坝年份,流凌所到之处,田园被淹,民房被毁,成灾之重较夏季洪水灾害有过之而无不及。根据俄罗斯 Heilongjiang Province is located in the northern border of China. It is a famous international boundary river. Due to the high latitudes, the climate is cold. The river frost lasted six or seven months. From mid-April to mid-May every year, as the climate gradually warmed up, the upper reaches of Heilongjiang Shirakawa, Ergun River tributaries began to thaw first, ranging in size along the river under the ice, when blocked by frozen ice, it quickly piled up to form a number of ice dam, blocking the river , High water, this is the name of the ice flood. The flood-fighting activities in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang are frequent and have serious dangers and great economic losses, bringing a great threat to people’s lives and properties along the river. Serious ice dam years, the flow of Ling wherever he goes, the pastoral flooded, destroyed the homes, causing more damage than summer floods. According to Russia