一引言度量衡的产生与发展是与人类社会同步进行的。人类自有生产劳动开始,即有了测量的需要;自有交换开始,就有了为长度、容积和重量制订统一标准的需要。无论是从现代民族学的实践考察,还是从象形文字的追本溯源,都可以得出结论,认为度量衡最原始的标准往往是根据人的肢体、器官或者与人们的生产生活有直接关联的自然物体或现象,如农作物、家畜等某一单位个体或某一部分的 I. INTRODUCTION The production and development of weights and measures are synchronized with human society. The beginning of mankind’s own productive labor, that is, the need for measurement; the beginning of its own exchange, there is a need for uniform standards for length, volume and weight. No matter from the practical investigation of modern ethnology or from the traceability of hieroglyphics, we can conclude that the most primitive standard of measurement is often based on human limbs, organs or people’s life and production are directly related to nature Objects or phenomena, such as crops, livestock and other units of an individual or a part of