太平天国运动中,令人怀念的,不是洪秀全、杨秀清,而是石达开。历代农民起义,不乏洪、杨一类人物,作为最高领袖,他们有的是权谋和帝王思想,能忽悠和驾驭民众,使民众甘愿为他们献身。他们的身影,覆盖了整个运动;他们的话语,决定了运动的方向。但他们却不是运动的灵魂。郭沫若作《甲申三百年祭》,他祭的不是李自成,而是李岩,是李岩成为了明朝末年那场民众运动的灵魂。灵魂,要有悲剧性,李岩之死,是为运动献身,其身心之悲苦,足以感动后人。石达开更是如此,作为天王的叛逆者,他的命运,是一出更为壮丽的悲剧,是由伟大的民众运动造就出来的 In the Taiping Rebellion, what we can remember is not Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing but Shi Dakai. In the peasant uprising of the past generations, there were no shortage of people like Hong and Yang. As supreme leaders, some of them are power-tricks and emperor’s ideas. They can fool and control the people and make the people willing to sacrifice for them. Their figure, covering the entire movement; their words, determines the direction of movement. But they are not the soul of exercise. Guo Moruo as “Jia Shen three hundred years festival”, he is not the sacrifice of Li Zicheng, but Li Yan, Li Yan became the soul of the people movement in the late Ming Dynasty. Soul, to be tragic, Li Yan’s death is dedicated to the movement, its physical and mental grief, enough to move future generations. This is especially true of Shi Dakai. As a rebel against Uranus, his fate is a more magnificent tragedy created by the great mass movement