先天性心脏病的婴幼儿体外循环术后,因手术创伤、装置引流管、机械通气等因素,易并发气胸,加上婴幼儿肺发育不全,肺泡数量相对少、气体交换面积小,若气胸发生不及时处理,影响肺通气和换气功能,导致患儿缺氧。术后使用机械通气时更可能带来气压伤。因此,气胸发生后及时采用胸腔闭式引流术是最有效的方法;但胸腔闭式引流术是有创操作、婴幼儿皮肤及皮下组织薄,肋间隙小,体表面积小、抵抗力和耐受力弱,传统的胸腔闭式 Infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, due to surgical trauma, drainage devices, mechanical ventilation and other factors, easy to complicated pneumothorax, coupled with infant lung hypoplasia, the number of alveoli is relatively small, gas exchange area is small, if pneumothorax occurred Not timely treatment, affecting lung ventilation and ventilation function, leading to hypoxia in children. Postoperative mechanical ventilation is more likely to cause barotrauma. Therefore, the timely use of closed thoracic drainage after pneumothorax is the most effective method; but closed thoracic drainage is a invasive operation, infant skin and subcutaneous tissue, small intercostal space, small body surface area, resistance and tolerance Weak, the traditional closed-chest