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[目的]了解青岛市电焊工锰暴露职业健康损害情况,以便采取措施预防电焊工职业性慢性锰中毒的发生。[方法]2011年6～7月,在青岛市选择不同类型机械制造企业,对505名电焊工进行问卷调查。[结果]调查的505名电焊工中,主诉喉咙痛的占30.10%,经常咳嗽的占22.77%,夜间腿抽筋的占16.83%,食欲下降的占14.06%,肌无力的占8.51%,手震颤或发抖的占7.13%,抑郁的占6.53%,声音改变的占4.75%,手或脚刺痛的占4.55%,行动缓慢的占3.56%,从椅子上站起困难的占1.98%,行为改变的占1.58%,平衡困难的占1.39%,步态不稳的占1.19%,行走困难的占0.99%。喉咙痛、经常咳嗽、食欲下降、肌无力、手震颤或发抖、抑郁、声音改变、从椅子上站起困难及行为改变罹患率,国有、外资、私营机械企业电焊工的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05),均为私营企业最低;经常咳嗽罹患率城市工人高于农民工,行为改变罹患率农民工高于城市工人(P<0.01或<0.05)。[结论]青岛市电焊工锰暴露职业健康损害症状报告率较高,多种症状报告率国有企业和外资企业电焊工高于私营企业电焊工。
[Objective] To understand the occupational health damage of manganese welders in Qingdao City in order to take measures to prevent the occupational chronic manganese poisoning of welders. [Method] From June to July 2011, different types of machinery manufacturing enterprises were selected in Qingdao City, and 505 welders were surveyed. [Results] Among the 505 welders surveyed, the chief complaint of sore throat was 30.10%, the common cough was 22.77%, the night leg cramp was 16.83%, the appetite was 14.06%, the weakness was 8.51% Or trembling 7.13%, depression 6.53%, voice change 4.75%, hands or feet sting 4.55%, slow action 3.56%, difficult to stand up from chair 1.98%, behavior change Accounted for 1.58%, balance accounted for 1.39%, unsteady gait accounted for 1.19%, walking difficulties accounted for 0.99%. Sore throat, frequent cough, loss of appetite, muscle weakness, hand tremor or trembling, depression, sound changes, difficulty standing up from the chair and behavioral changes that affected the rate of attack. There was statistically significant differences among state-owned, foreign-funded and privately owned welders (P <0.01 or <0.05), which were the lowest among private enterprises. The prevalence rate of regular cough was higher in urban workers than that of migrant workers. The incidence of migrant workers was higher than that of urban workers (P <0.01 or <0.05). [Conclusion] The reported rate of occupational health damage caused by manganese exposed by welders in Qingdao is high, and the reports of various symptoms are higher than those of private-owned welders in state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises.