危重病儿因病情严重容易引起水、电解质紊乱、以及因各种应激原的强烈刺激导致代谢紊乱如应激性高糖血症。此外,在抢救过程中,纠正体液及酸碱失衡、渗透性脱水剂的应用、腹膜透析、肠外营养等治疗手段采用较多,稍有不当亦易造成医源性高渗性损害。近年来对危重症病儿血渗透浓度监测发现,高渗血症发生率约为25%,其中肾功能衰竭、休克及多脏器功能衰竭者更易发生高渗血症。 Severe illness due to serious illness prone to cause water and electrolyte disorders, as well as due to the strong stimulation of various stressors leading to metabolic disorders such as stress hyperglycaemia. In addition, in the rescue process, the correction of body fluids and acid-base imbalance, the application of permeable dehydrating agent, peritoneal dialysis, parenteral nutrition and other treatment methods used more, a little improper also easily cause iatrogenic hypertonic damage. In recent years, monitoring of blood concentration of critically ill children monitored found that the incidence of hyperosmolarmia is about 25%, of which renal failure, shock and multiple organ failure are more prone to hypervasalmia.