磨损会降低工效,增加能量和润滑油的消耗,以及促使部件频换。磨损不是材质的内在性能,而是工程系统特性的一种反映。譬如改变载荷、速度或环境气氛能引起接触表面的单方或双方的磨损率的很大变化。各种不同的工况条件导致磨损,并通过各种机理引起工程系统的损坏。当用一般的方法去处理某一特殊问题时,必须对这一问题的磨损特性作出精确的判断。例如在某些场合,增加硬度能减少磨损,而在另一些场合,则恰恰相反。此外,有时改变工况条件往往比改变材质本身效果更好。为了适应工况条件的需要,表面处理技术正越来越被注意。因为昂贵的整块材料有时可以被具有适当表面处理的廉价材质来代替。由于材料和加工方法的繁多和复杂,使得 Wear will reduce ergonomics, increase energy and lubricant consumption, and encourage parts to be exchanged. Wear is not intrinsic to the material but is a reflection of the engineering system’s characteristics. For example, changing load, speed, or ambient atmosphere can cause a large change in the wear rate of one or both of the contacting surfaces. Various working conditions lead to wear and damage to the engineering system through various mechanisms. When dealing with a particular problem in a general way, it is important to make an accurate judgment of the wear characteristics of the problem. In some cases, for example, increased hardness reduces wear and tear, while on others it is just the opposite. In addition, sometimes changing the working conditions is often better than changing the material itself. In order to meet the needs of working conditions, surface treatment technology is more and more attention. Because expensive monolithic materials can sometimes be replaced by inexpensive materials with a suitable surface finish. Due to the variety and complexity of materials and processing methods,