Long-term preservation of recalcitrant seeds is very difficult because the physiological basis on their desiccation sensitivity is poorly understood.Survival of Antiaris toxicaria axes rapidly decreased and that of immature maize embryos very slowly decreased with dehydration.To understand their different responses to dehydration,we examined the changes in mitochondria activity during dehydration.Although activities of cytochrome(Cyt) c oxidase and malate dehydrogenase of the A.toxicaria axis and maize embryo mitochondria decreased with dehydration,the parameters of maize embryo mitochondria were much higher than those of A.toxicaria,showing that the damage was more severe for the A.toxicaria axis mitochondria than for those of maize embryo.The state I and Ⅲ respiration of the A.toxicaria axis mitochondria were higher than those of maize embryo,the former rapidly decreased,and the latter slowly decreased with dehydration.The proportion of Cyt c pathway to state Ⅲ respiration for the A.toxicaria axis mitochondria was low and rapidly decreased with dehydration,and the proportion of alternative oxidase pathway was high and slightly increased with dehydration.In contrast,the proportion of Cyt c pathway for maize embryo mitochondria was high,and that of alternative oxidase pathway was low.Both pathways decreased slowly with dehydration. Long-term preservation of recalcitrant seeds is very difficult because the physiological basis on their desiccation sensitivity is poorly understood. Survival of Antiaris toxicaria axes rapidly decreased and that of immature maize embryos very slowly decreased with dehydration. Understanding their different responses to dehydration, we examined the changes in mitochondria activity during dehydration. Although activities of cytochrome (Cyt) c oxidase and malate dehydrogenase of the A. toxicaria axis and maize embryo mitochondria decreased with dehydration, the parameters of maize embryo mitochondria were much higher than those of A. toxicaria , that that the damage was more severe for the A. toxicaria axis mitochondria than for those of maize embryo.The state I and III respiration of the A. toxicaria axis mitochondria were higher than those of maize embryo, the former rapidly decreased, and the latter slowly decreased with dehydration.The proportion of Cyt c pathway to state Ⅲ respiration for th e A. toxicaria axis mitochondria was low and rapidly decreased with dehydration, and the proportion of alternative oxidase pathway was high and slightly increased with dehydration. In contrast, the proportion of Cyt c pathway for maize embryo mitochondria was high, and that of alternative oxidase pathway was low.Both pathways decreased slowly with dehydration.