按照通常的看法,社会主义国家的经济和社会改革一般都是在他们的社会经济发展遇到严重困难时进行的。简单地说,就是改革产生于危机。1921年,苏联实行新经济政策,就是布尔什维克党在深刻的经济危机的条件下开始的。 如果说社会改革确实是社会关系紧张和压力、甚至危机的产物,那么,反过来说,危机状态却不一定导致改革。危机也可以用不同的办法来解决。我认为,80年代的中、东欧国家的发展事实证明这两种论点都是正确的。 According to the usual view, the economic and social reforms in the socialist countries are generally carried out when their social and economic development encounters serious difficulties. Simply put, it is the reform that stems from the crisis. In 1921, the new economic policy of the Soviet Union was started by the Bolshevik Party under the conditions of a profound economic crisis. If social reform is indeed a product of social tensions and pressures or even crises, then on the contrary, the state of crisis does not necessarily lead to reforms. The crisis can also be solved in different ways. In my opinion, the fact of development in Central and Eastern European countries in the 1980s proves that both arguments are correct.