一、引言土壤中的粘粒礦物具有膠体特性,因之也具有代換吸附現象。膠体态粘粒礦物的代換吸附作用,很久以來,一直为土壤化学家所注意的中心問題之一。由于各研究者对这一問題的着眼角度不同,故研究所涉及的范圍也很不一致。有的論証了代换吸附現象的机制,有的闡述了代换吸附現象的特征和規律,也有的探求了代换吸附在土壤發生学上的意义以及它与肥力的关系等問題。关于这些研究成果,費克倫德(Wiklander)及凱利(Kelley)都曾先后作了比較詳尽的綜合彙述,因之我們已无需再在这里作文献的介紹了。关于粘粒膠体的代換吸附平衡的研究,过去虽然也有不少报告,但这些研究大部分都是在單一的正离子的平衡系中進行的,其涉及兩种正离子的平衡系者已极少,至于对包含 I. Introduction Clay minerals in the soil have colloidal properties, so they also have substitutional adsorption phenomena. Replacement sorption of colloidal clay minerals has long been one of the central concerns of soil chemists. Due to the different perspectives of researchers on this issue, the scope of the study is also very inconsistent. Some have demonstrated the mechanism of substitutional adsorption phenomenon, some elaborated the characteristics and rules of substitutional adsorption phenomenon, and some also explored the significance of substitutional adsorption in soil genesis and its relationship with fertility. For these findings, Wiklander and Kelley have all made elaborate and comprehensive remarks so that we no longer have to write an introduction here. Although there have been many reports on the substitutional adsorption equilibrium of cosmochloic colloids, most of these studies were conducted in a single positive ion equilibrium system involving two positive ion balancers Less, as for inclusion