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本研究分析比较了农家家养鸡与大型养殖场鸡肠道菌群组成及抗四环素抗性基因在肠道菌群中的分布情况。通过454焦磷酸法对细菌16SrRNA V3区进行测序来分析肠道菌群的组成;用平板琼脂法筛选四环素耐药菌株,对其16SrRNA基因全长测序,并与RDP(Ribosomal Database Project)数据库比对进行菌种鉴定;聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测常见四环素耐药基因。家养鸡粪便中菌群香农多样性指数为5.321±0.590,养殖场鸡为4.398±0.440,前者显著大于后者(Mann-Whitney U test,P=0.008)。从家养鸡和养殖场鸡粪便中随机分离到69株和65株四环素耐药菌株,后者四环素耐药菌的种类多于前者。家养鸡较养殖场鸡的肠道菌群更具多样性,而抗生素抗性基因在养殖场鸡的肠道菌群中分布更广泛。结果表明,不同饲养方式对鸡的肠道菌群有影响,对抗生素抗性基因的分布也有一定影响。
This study analyzed and compared the composition of chicken intestine and the distribution of anti-tetracycline resistance genes in the gut microbiota in farmed chicken and large farms. The composition of intestinal flora was analyzed by 454 pyrophosphate sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3 region of the bacteria. The tetracycline-resistant strains were screened by plate agar and the full-length 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and compared with the RDP (Ribosomal Database Project) database Identification of bacteria; polymerase chain reaction (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) detection of common tetracycline resistance genes. In the domestic chicken manure, the index of Shannon’s population diversity was 5.321 ± 0.590 and that of farms was 4.398 ± 0.440, the former was significantly higher than the latter (Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.008). 69 and 65 strains of tetracycline resistant strains were randomly separated from domestic chicken and farm chicken manure, and the latter were more resistant to tetracycline than the former. Chickens in domestic chickens are more diverse in gut microbiota than chickens in farms, whereas antibiotic resistance genes are more widely distributed in the gut microbiota of farmed chickens. The results showed that different feeding methods had an impact on the intestinal microflora of chickens and had some influence on the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes.